井间地震应用效果分析   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

周建宇  李建平  张永辉 《地球物理学进展》2003,18(3):567-575

介绍了井间地震方法在胜利油田的应用情况，列举了永安镇和罗家两种不同地质情况的成功实侧，涉及到井间地震的资料采集、处理及解释等方面。分析了井间地震与地面地震、VSP等方法相比的优劣所在，指出了井间地震的应用前景。  相似文献   

云南地区上部地壳结构和地震构造环境的层析成像研究   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21       下载免费PDF全文

白志明  王椿镛 《地震学报》2003,25(2):117-127

利用4条DSS丰富的测深资料，对云南地区上部地壳结构和地震构造环境进行了层析成像研究．成像结果显示，得到的速度模型与地表盆地、隆起与断裂有很好的对应关系，显示了与地表火山岩系相应的低速异常体．云南地区上部地壳横向不均匀性显著．结晶基底的深度一般为0~5 km．局部基底高于海平面，基岩直接出露地表，同时在一些大的坳陷处沉积厚度可达8~12 km．作为一级构造单元的昌宁-双江断裂可能切割不深，而红河断裂作为板块缝合线切割较深，有延伸到中下地壳的迹象．云南地区历史上的广泛的火山活动与现今中强地震的发生有紧密联系．有的地方尽管现今地表已不再有火山活动，但中下地壳活动并未停止，存在较大的应力作用．由于地表火山活动停止，来自中下地壳和上地幔的大部分能量得不到释放，而在有利的构造部位积聚，以及盆地水的渗透、其它流体的作用和外动力作用，可能是云南地区经常诱发中强地震的重要原因．   相似文献   

东亚及西太平洋边缘海高分辨率面波层析成像   总被引：72，自引：20，他引：72       下载免费PDF全文

朱介寿  曹家敏  蔡学林  严忠琼  曹小林 《地球物理学报》2002,45(5):646-664

根据欧亚大陆及西太平洋地区58个数字地震台站约12000个长周期波形记录,挑选出4100条面波大圆传播路径,采用面波频散及波形拟合反演方法,对东亚及西太平洋边缘海地区(60°E-160°E,20°S-60°N)的地壳上地幔进行了高分辨率三维S波速度成像. 结果表明,从上地壳到70km深,在东亚东部及西太平洋边缘海地区为高速分布,西部以青藏高原为中心呈极低速分布. 自地中海经土耳其、伊朗、喜马拉雅山到缅甸、印尼群岛的特提斯汇聚碰撞带,显示为低速异常链. 从85km至250km深,在东亚东部及西太平洋边缘海,自北向南显示出一条巨型低速异常带,西部地区为高速异常分布.以东经110°E为界,东西两部分岩石圈、软流圈的结构与深部动力过程有着巨大的差异. 此界线以西主要是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞引起的岩石圈汇聚增厚区,东部则主要是由于软流圈上涌(地幔热物质上升)引起的岩石圈拉张减薄区.  相似文献   

由相叠低分辨投影数据重建高分辨图像   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭明焕  张朋 《CT理论与应用研究》2002,11(2):12-18

本文提出了由平行的相叠低分辨投影数据重建高分辨图像的两个新算法，即虚拟探测器法和直接重建法，并给出和分析了数值模拟结果。  相似文献   

Velocity structure of uppermost mantle beneath China continent from Pn tomography   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

汪素云  许忠淮  Thomas Hearn  James Ni  俞言祥  张晓东 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(2):143-150

39473 Pn travel times are inverted to tomographically image both lateral variation and anisotropy of uppermost mantle velocities beneath China continent. The result indicates that the overall average Pn velocity of uppermost mantle in the studied region is 8.0 km/s and the regional velocity fluctuation varies from ?0.30 km/s to +0.35 km/s. Pn velocities higher than 8.2 km/s are found in the regions surrounding Qingzang Plateau, such as Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin and Sichun Basin. Pn velocities slightly lower than the average are found in western Sichuan and Yunnan, Shanxi Graben and Bohai Bay region. A Pn velocity as low as 7.8 km/s may exist in the region striding the boundary between Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. In general, Pn velocity in tectonically stable region like cratonic platform tends to be high, while that in tectonically active region tends to be low. The regions in compressive setting usually show higher Pn velocity, while extensional basins or grabens generally display lower one. Anisotropy of Pn velocity is seen in some regions. In the southeastern region of Qingzang Plateau the directions of fastest Pn velocity show a rotation pattern, which may be related to southeastward escape of the plateau material due to the collision and compression of Indian Plate to Asia along Himalaya arc. Notable anisotropy also exists around Bohai Bay region, likely indicating crustal extending and possible magma activity therein.  相似文献   

Advanced techniques in site characterization and mining hazard detection for the underground coal industry     

David R. Hanson  Thomas L. Vandergrift  Matthew J. DeMarco  Kanaan Hanna 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2002,50(1-4)

Today's highly productive coal mining systems represent large capital investments. Careful geotechnical planning and design are essential to protect these systems and to help ensure their overall success. Too often, however, the ability of the mine operator to adequately characterize the geotechnical environment and keep up with changing geologic conditions lags the advance rate of the mining equipment. Seismic tomographic imaging, based on the same principles as medical Computer-Aided-Tomography (CAT) Scans, offers the ability to identify changing geologic conditions, loading patterns, and the location of nearby abandoned mine workings. Although seismic tomography has been used for many years in the oil industry, until recently its practicality in the mining industry has been limited because the processes involved interfered with mining productivity and were labor-intensive in terms of data collection and interpretation. New advancements in signal processing have greatly enhanced the speed, resolution, and range of applications of tomographic imaging in underground coal mine settings.Many tomography applications in the mining industry use seismic velocity and/or attenuation tomography within a volume enclosed by the seismic source and receiver array. Although results obtained using this geometry work well in many situations, recent developments in reflection tomography show promise in eliminating the requirement that the target volume be surrounded by sources/receivers. For example, in-seam seismic reflection tomography may now be used to image structures and/or old workings from one general location in the mine (e.g., face areas of mains and panel developments) well ahead of planned developments—largely eliminating the need to probe-hole drill on regular intervals. These new developments have greatly expanded the ability of the mine operator to cost-effectively characterize previously inaccessible areas of the property.This paper gives an overview of the theories and processes involved in seismic tomography applicable to coal mine settings. Recent examples are presented of tomographic imaging applied to a variety of coal mine ground control problems and old works detection in the United States and Europe. The applicability of both seismic refraction and seismic reflection tomography is discussed.  相似文献   

VARNET-96: three-dimensional upper crustal velocity structure of SW Ireland   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. Landes  B. M. O'Reilly  P. W. Readman  P. M. Shannon  C. Prodehl 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,153(2):424-442

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The evolution of lithospheric mantle beneath the Kalahari Craton and its margins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W. L. Griffin  Suzanne Y. O''Reilly  L. M. Natapov  C. G. Ryan 《Lithos》2003,71(2-4):215-241

The compositional structure and thermal state of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath the Kalahari Craton and the surrounding mobile belts have been mapped in space and time using >3400 garnet xenocrysts from >50 kimberlites intruded over the period 520–80 Ma. The trace-element patterns of many garnets reflect the metasomatic refertilisation of originally highly depleted harzburgites and lherzolites, and much of the lateral and vertical heterogeneity observed in the SCLM within the craton is the product of such metasomatism. The most depleted, and possibly least modified, SCLM was sampled beneath the Limpopo Belt by early Paleozoic kimberlites; the SCLM beneath other parts of the craton may represent similar material modified by metasomatism during Phanerozoic time. In the SW part of the craton, the SCLM sampled by “Group 2” kimberlites (>110 Ma) is thicker, cooler and less metasomatised than that sampled by “Group 1” kimberlites (mostly ≤95 Ma) in the same area. Therefore, the extensively studied xenolith suite from the Group 1 kimberlites probably is not representative of primary Archean SCLM compositions. The relatively fertile SCLM beneath the mobile belts surrounding the craton is interpreted as largely Archean SCLM, metasomatised and mixed with younger material during Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic rifting and compression. This implies that at least some of the observed secular evolution in SCLM composition worldwide may reflect the reworking of Archean SCLM. There are strong correlations between mantle composition and the lateral variations in seismic velocity shown by detailed tomographic studies. Areas of relatively low Vp within the craton largely reflect the progressive refertilisation of the Archean root during episodes of intraplate magmatism, including the Bushveld (2 Ga) and Karroo (ca. 180 Ma) events; areas of high Vp map out the distribution of relatively less metasomatised Archean SCLM. The relatively low Vp of the SCLM beneath the mobile belts around the craton is consistent with its fertile composition. The seismic data may be used to map the lateral extent of different types of SCLM, taking into account the small lateral variations in the geotherm identified using the techniques described here.  相似文献   

Seismic tomography of Yunnan region using short-period surface wave phase velocity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何正勤  苏伟  叶太兰 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(6):642-650

Introduction The Yunnan region is located on the east margin of the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates; it belongs to the south section of the N-S Seismic Belt of China and is the junc-ture of the Yangtze metaplatform, Songpan-Garz?fold system, Sanjiang fold system and South China fold system. This region has complex tectonic movements, crisscross faults and frequently occurring strong earthquakes, and hence it is one of the regions with the strongest earthquake ac-tivi…  相似文献   

Comparison of Large-Eddy Simulation Data with Spatially Averaged Measurements Obtained by Acoustic Tomography – Presuppositions and First Results     

Sonja Weinbrecht  Siegfried Raasch  Astrid Ziemann  Klaus Arnold  Armin Raabe 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,111(3):441-465

An attempt is made to compare results oflarge-eddy simulation (LES) in a convective boundarylayer using the model PALM with experimental data obtained from acoustic travel time tomography.This method provides two-dimensional data arrays, which are considered as more suitable forLES-validation than classical local orline-integrated measurements, because the tomographic data are area- or volume-averaged.For a quantitative comparison with experimental data in general, some prerequisites have to be considered: First of all, the initial and boundary conditions of the LES model have to be provided correctly by the experiment. Considering measurement errors, a sensitivity study was performed to investigate the influence of inaccurate initial and boundary conditions on the simulation results.This showed that for determining some boundary conditions, such as the surface temperature and the roughness length, high measurement accuracies are necessary, which are difficult to reach or which at least require considerable extra measurement efforts.The initial and boundary conditions provided by the Lindenberg experiment in 1999 turned out to be of insufficient accuracy to allow quantitative comparisons.However, a qualitative comparison was performed instead to investigate if the acoustic tomography method is a proper method for comparisons with LES models in general.It showed a good qualitative agreement with some quantitative differences. These differences can partly be explained by the sensitivity of the LES to initial and boundary conditions and by the limitations of the acoustic tomography.  相似文献